Metadata are structured data sets describing resources or other files. In the information science and in libraries metadata are used to categorize and to find publications or items. With metadata described items can be set in a much larger context and be linked with other resources. Metadata contain in the context of documents or publications basic information like details about the author, title, publisher, date of release etc.
Because metadata are constructed structurally, metadata has to be created according to set standards to guarantee the interoperability of the data and the system. During the years where publications have been described with metadata, many different standards have been established, which are difficult to compare.
For futher Information see Understanding metadata by NISO
(http://www.niso.org/publications/press/UnderstandingMetadata.pdf)